简述《周易》德论凝练的民族之德

A Brief Discussion of the National Virtue in the Virtue of the Book of Changes

《周易》之德的词句,在64卦卦辞中没有直接出现,仅见于4卦爻辞中5处,所涉及"德业"、"品德"、"恩德",都关乎周人的道德修养和内在德性,已经展示出周人"德"的观念的生成。《周易》之德词句在《系辞》、《卦·象曰》、"乾坤"《文言》和《爻·象曰》中增多的现象,体现了孔子"十翼"对《周易》研究的理论性发明。阅读《周易》之德论,笔者大致分为自强之德、宽厚之德、内省之德、谦下之德、节用之德、重民之德、执政之德等六大德目。

The words about virtue in The Book of Changes are not found in the 64 divinatory symbols, but are found in five places in the 4 Yao Cis. Virtue can be classified into ＂Deye＂, ＂Pinde＂ and ＂Ende＂, which are all about people＇s virtue within and without and reveals the emergence of virtue sense of the people in Zhou Kingdom. The words about virtue in The Book of Changes increase in Copulatives, Gua·Image, Heaven and Earth, Classics and Yao·Image, reflecting the terrorization of Confucian＇s Ten Wings in terms of the study of The Book of Changes. With a close reading of Virtue in The Book of Changes, the author divides virtue roughly into six types： self-reliance, generality, introspection, modesty, thriftiness, people-valuing and ruling.