北疆地区参考作物蒸散量时空变化特征

Change Characteristics of Reference Crop Evapotranspiration in the Northern Xinjiang

为明确北疆地区在全球气候变暖背景下合理的灌溉制度，利用北疆地区22个气象站49 a （1962～2010年）的逐日气象资料，运用Penman－Monteith公式计算北疆地区1962～2010年的参考作物蒸散量ET0（reference crop evapotranspiration），并用Mann－Kendall方法对其进行突变检验，基于ArcGIS9．3空间分析功能模块对北疆参考作物蒸散量进行了空间变化分析。结果表明：研究区域的ET0在1983年发生向下突变，ET0在时间分布上整体呈下降趋势，主要受该地区相对湿度和风速的影响；ET0从北疆的东北部和西南部向中间逐渐升高，东南部和西部表现略高，具有明显的区域差异；4～10月ET0对全年ET0的分布具有显著影响。

The temporal-spatial variation of reference crop evapotranspiration in northern Xinjiang was analyzed based on daily obser-vations from 22 meteorological stations in the northern Xinjiang during 1962-2010 in this paper. Firstly,the reference crop evapo-transpiration （ET0 ）in northern Xinjiang from 1962 to 2010 was calculated with the Penman-Monteith formula,then the temporal-spatial variations of ET0 were analyzed by using the Mann-Kedall test and spatial analysis of ArcGIS. The results show that ET0 in the entire study area had an abrupt change in 1983 and presented a downward trend,which was mainly affected by relative humidity and wind speed there. The reference crop evapotranspiration gradually increased from the northeast and southwest to the center of the north-ern Xinjiang,and it was slightly higher in the southeast and the west region,which presented an obvious regional difference. The refer-ence crop evapotranspiration from April to October significantly affected the annual distribution of reference evapotranspiration. The re-sults should be useful for identifying an appropriate irrigation system that can be used in the region under environment conditions affect-ed by global warming.