主观性在口语构式中的非常规表达——以口语构式“V+他_2+NumP”为例

The Non-Conventional Expression of Subjectivity in Verbal Constructions——with verbal construction "V+ta_2+NumP" as an example

文章采用构式理论对"V+他2+Num P"结构进行描写分析。在与多种相关结构的比较分析中发现"V+他2+Num P"在言语表达方面有着多项优势:表示主观大量,表示非现实情态,节奏平衡功能等。在语言演变中,一个在语义上弱化的成分必然成为新结构的标记,弱化成分会对原结构重新范畴化,如"他2"对结构中的动词有时体与情态的限定作用,使结构带有了主观色彩,表达了说话人的意向和对量的主观评估,形成新的构式,表达不同于其他结构的特殊意义。

This paper adopts the construction theory to descript and analyze the construction of ＂V＋ta2＋Num P＂.Comparing with a variety of related structure, we find ＂V＋ta2＋Num P＂ has several advantages in language expression, such as large subjective quantity, non realistic modality, rhythm balance function, etc. In the evolution of language, a weakening in the semantics of the components will inevitably become new mark in the structure, and the new mark will be re- categorize the construction. ＂ta2＂ in the structure has aspect and modal finite effect to verb,and makes the structure with the subjective color. The construction expresses the speaker＇s intention and the amount of subjective evaluation. The expression of the new structure formation has special significance, which is different from other structures.