大庆地区五种变应性疾病过敏原检测结果分析

The analysis of allergens detection results of five allergic diseases in Daqing area

目的:探讨大庆地区的变应性疾病患者常见过敏原的分布特征。方法:采用酶联免疫吸附法,对736例过敏性疾病患者进行体外特异性过敏原检测,并分析阳性病例检出率以及特异性过敏原分类。结果:1736例过敏性疾病患者中,共检出特异性过敏原者289例,阳性检出率达39.27%。2在99例荨麻疹以及66例过敏性鼻炎中,排名前三的过敏原均依次为屋尘及尘螨、豚草及蒿草、海鲜;在53例皮炎中,依次为屋尘及尘螨、海鲜、蛋奶;在47例湿疹中,依次为屋尘及尘螨、海鲜、豚草及蒿草;在24例过敏性紫癜中,依次为海鲜、蛋奶、屋尘及尘螨。3在过敏性鼻炎中,吸入性过敏原阳性率达95.5%,而在过敏性紫癜中,食物性过敏原阳性率达95.8%。结论:大庆地区常见的过敏原主要为屋尘及尘螨、豚草及蒿草、海鲜、蛋奶,该结果可为大庆地区过敏性疾病的预防和治疗提供一定依据。

Objective： To explore the distributional characteristics of allergens in patients with allergic derma- tosis in Daqing city. Methods： Enzyme immunoassay method was used to detect the specific allergen among 736 patients with allergic diseases. Results： （1）The specific allergens were detected in 289 cases, and the positive rate was 39.27%. （2）In 99 cases of urticaria and 66 cases of allergic rhinitis, the top three allergens were house dust and dust mite, followed by ragweed and artemisia grass, and seafood. In 53 cases of dermatitis,the top three aller- gens were house dust and dust mite, seafood, eggs and milk. In 47 cases of eczema, the top three allergens were house dust and dust mite, seafood, ragweed and artemisia grass. In 24 cases of allergic purpura, the top three aller- gens were seafood, eggs and milk, house dust and dust mite. （3）In allergic rhinitis, inhaled allergens positive rate was 95.5%, while in anaphylactoid purpura, food allergens positive rate was 95.8%. Conclusion： House dust and dust mite, ragweed and artemisia grass, seafood, eggs and milk were the most common allergens in Daqing are- a, and the results provide a reference for the prevention and therapy of allergic diseases.