医务社会工作者器官移植团队的职能研究——以台湾慈济医院为例

The Functions and Applications of Medical Social Workers in Human Organ Procurement Organizations and Organ Transplant Teams--A Case Study of Taiwan Tzu Chi Hospital

器官劝募与协调工作在中国是由红十字志愿者、义工发展而来,但自2013年8月国家卫计委特别设立"人体器官捐献协调员"职务,明确排除由社会工作者、志工来担任器官劝募与协调工作。一些国家和地区即便定有高准入门坎的限制,但从器官劝募率高的医院来看,专任人体器官捐献协调员在临床应用碰到诸多困境,由护士转任对器官劝募的总体业绩并没有比社会工作者、志工具有高效益。器官劝募工作演变到后期,从单一医疗专业的定岗定编走向跨专业人性化的双轨合作模式。亚洲器官劝募率最高的台湾佛教慈济医院从劝募到移植的整套流程对有效推广中国内地器官捐献工作有借鉴意义。

Organ procurement and coordination in China are developed form the volunteers in the China Red Cross. But in 2013,the Ministry of Health issued the Acquisition and Distribution Management of Human Organ Donation(Trial) and the Notice on Strengthening Human Organ Donation, Organ Procurement and Distribution Management Work, and established a position called 'the coordinator for the donation of human organs', expressly excluded the social workers and volunteers in the coordination of organ procurement and coordination. Through analysis, this article finds that in some countries and areas, even if they set a high entry restriction, the professional coordinators for the donation of human organs meet with many difficulties in clinical applications. Generally, nurse's performance in organ procurement is not better than social workers and volunteers. With the development of time, the model of the organ procurement work has been evolved from a single medical profession to an interdisciplinary cooperation. The article uses the Taiwan Tzu Chi Hospital, which has the highest rate of the organ procurement, as a case study to explore the whole procedure from organ procurement to organ transplant. And it uses the four largest organ source systems in the world as a reference to discuss which system China should select. To effectively operate the national organ donation and allocation work, China should select a system that is suitable for the country and should prepare some relevant institutions well.