论非讼法理在小额诉讼程序中的适用

On the Application of Non-litigation Legal Theories in Small Claims Procedure

关于小额诉讼,既有的研究多集中在小额诉讼程序的介绍比较、我国小额诉讼程序的建构、困境和问题等方面。对小额诉讼程序运作的程序理念及相应的制度设置方面的研究较为薄弱。利用小额诉讼程序解决纠纷的过程,很大程度上就是适用非讼法理的过程。它体现了程序相称原理,有利于纠纷的快速、简易解决,进而提升民众对司法的信任。我国在完善小额诉讼程序时应在当事人选择适用不公开审理主义、当事人的处分权受到限制、适用职权裁量法理、应允许法官裁量采用自由的证明程序等方面适用非讼法理。

The current study on the small claim litigation is concentrated to such aspects as introduction and comparison of small claim procedure, the construction of our small claim procedure, and the difficulties and problems of small claim litigation system. The study on procedural theory of small claim litigation operation and relative systematic design is comparatively weak. The process of solving disputes through small claim procedure is just a process of applying non-contentious legal theory to a great extent. It embodies the principle of procedural symmetry, helps solve the disputes in fast and simple way and enhances the public trust of judicature. When we improve the small claims procedure, the non-contentious legal theory should be applicable to such parties as follows： the party should choose hearing in private session, the limitation of depositing right of litigants, application of official judgment doctrine, and permission of adopting free demonstration process by judges in their judgment.