中世纪基督教的灵肉观及其对体育的影响

Soul and Body Value of Medieval Christianity and its influence on Sports

从历史与哲学的视角,对中世纪基督教灵肉观的演变及其对体育的影响进行了探讨。中世纪属于基督教,基督教神学影响和形塑了中世纪人们的生活方式,基督教的灵肉观对中世纪体育产生了深刻的影响。主要表现为:(1)中世纪早期和中期,奥古斯丁主义坚持"身体是灵魂的监狱"的灵肉对立观,导致竞技体育的沉寂和体育被排除在教育之外;(2)中世纪晚期,托马斯·阿奎那代表的经院哲学重新阐释灵肉关系,提出"人是由灵魂和肉体构成的一个完整的存在"的灵肉结合观。思想解放带来人们对身体及其健康的重视,在教会学校也开展了课余体育活动,城乡社会也兴起了形式多样的体育活动,它们成为近现代多种运动项目的前身。

From the perspective of history and philosophy,the evolution of soul and body value of medieval Christianity and its influence on physical education are discussed. Medieval Christianity belongs to Christianity and Christian theology influenced and shaped the medieval people＇s lifestyle. The soul and body value of medieval Christianity has a profound influence on medieval sports,which is mainly indicated in the following aspects：（ 1） In the early and Middle Ages,the Augustin doctrine adhered to the oppositional idea of spirit and body that ＂ body is the soul of prison＂,which led to the silence of competitive sports and the exclusion of sports from education;（ 2） In the late Middle Ages,Thomas Aquinas reinterpreted of the relation of soul and body on behalf of the scholastic philosophy,put forwarding the view that Man is a complete existence of soul and body of the combination of spirit and body. Ideological emancipation aroused people＇s attention to their body and its health. In churches and schools,extracurricular sports activities were carried out while in the urban and rural society,various forms of sports activities arose and they became the predecessor of modern sports.