中国排球运动员扣球环节的速度特征及协调性研究

Research on Chinese Volleyball Players' Speed Characteristic and Coordination in Spiking

以20名女排队员4号位扣球时的速度与协调性为研究对象,通过测力台、摄像机同步测试来收集运动员扣球环节中的运动学及动力学数据。结果表明:(1)运动员助跑速度与最大起跳高度呈中度正相关,且助跑速度在5-8m/s区间时,最大起跳高度值较大,建议排球运动员训练扣球时采用此速度区间。(2)急停起跳的膝关节角速度与最大起跳高度呈高度正相关,肘关节及肩关节角速度与最大扣球速度呈中度正相关。排球运动员训练时,应在保证肩关节及肘关节肌群力量训练的同时,重点加强膝关节肌群的力量训练,且在进行力量训练时应合理安排最大力量与快速力量的比例。(3)排球运动员在腾空扣球阶段与最大扣球速度的相关性大小依次为肩关节角速度>躯干扭转角加速度>肘关节角速度>腕关节角速度。建议排球运动员在进行力量训练时,应适量加大对上肢各关节肌肉快速力量以及核心力量的训练比例。(4)排球运动员在训练中应对急停起跳以及腾空扣球阶段的身体协调能力进行专项化训练,并将急停起跳阶段的肘-肩-膝关节角度联动与腾空扣球阶段的肘-肩-腕关节角度联动作为评价指标来指导协调能力的训练。

Twenty women volleyball players are selected to test their spiking speed and coordination at position 4. Depending on force platform,cameras and synchro test,the paper gathers the players＇ data of spiking kinematics and dynamics. The results show that：（ 1） The players＇ run- up speed and maximum taking- off height show moderate positive correlation and when the approaching velocity is within the rage of 5m / s- 8m / s,the maximum height value is bigger,so such speed range is suggested in the training of spiking;（ 2） The knee joint＇s angular velocity of scram takeoff is highly correlated to the maximum height,while the angular velocity of elbow and shoulder joints indicates moderate positive correlation to the maximum spiking speed. Strength training of shoulder and elbow muscles should be guaranteed,with the emphasis being put strengthening the knee muscles;（ 3） The correlation level between suspension spike and maximum spiking speed is shoulder joint velocity the accelerated speed of angular trunk torsion〉 elbow joint angular velocity 〉wrist joint angular velocity. It is suggested that in strength training the proportion of the training of the upper limbs＇ strength and the core strength should be increased;（ 4） The training of body coordination in scram takeoff and suspension spike should be specially emphasized.