不合作的悲剧:全印联邦方案流产探析

A Tragedy of Non- cooperation: On the Failure of All- India Federation

英国政府非常重视印度权力的移交问题。将政权移交给一个统一的印度政府可能在最大限度内维护英国在印度的政治利益、经济利益和战略利益。1918年《蒙塔古—蔡姆斯福德报告》提出由英属印度和印度土邦组成印度联邦的设想,此后,英国政府为实现这一设想作了很多努力,《西蒙委员会报告》、圆桌会议、《1935年印度政府法》、"内阁使团方案"一再重申并不断完善联邦方案。但是,由于国大党、穆斯林联盟等印度党派和教派不能互相妥协与合作,全印联邦方案最终流产,英国政府不得不实行印巴分治。

The British Governments emphasized the problem of transfer of power in India. It would to the largest degree maintain British political,economic and strategic interests to transfer the power to a unified Indian government. The Montagu-Chelmsford Report（ 1918） brought forward a proposal of federation including the British India and the Princely States. Thereafter,the British governments made much efforts for it. The Simon Report,the Round Table Conferences,the Government of India Act1935,＂Cabinet Mission Plan＂,all repeated and perfected the federal plan,but finally failed because the National Congress,the Muslim League and other parties and sects in India could not compromise and cooperate with the British Governments and one another,and the British Government had to partition the Subcontinent.