母体麻醉对胎儿神经发育的影响

Effects of Maternal Anesthesia on the Fetal's Neurodevelopment

随着腔镜外科和胎儿手术的发展,妊娠期间行外科手术治疗的病例越来越多。为这类患者实施麻醉时,必须确保母体和胎儿的安全,尤其要注意全麻药可通过胎盘对胎儿的神经发育造成损害。不同孕期,胎儿神经发育的特点不同,造成的损害也不同。目前全麻药的神经毒性机制仍需进一步的研究,以寻求防治方案。

The number of pregnant women needing surgical procedures appears to be increasing in recent years partly because of the fact that laparoscopic procedures and fetal surgery are more widely performed worldwide,and all general anesthetic drugs can cross the placenta. Accordingly,much attention has been given to the issue concerning neurotoxic effects of the commonly used anesthetics on the fetal brain. Therefore,it is important for anesthesiologists to have a thorough understanding of the maternal and fetal physiology and the fetal brain development at different phase of gestation,so as to provide safety for both the mother and fetus when providing anesthesia for the pregnant women. The underlying mechanism of the neurotoxicity are unclear at present,and further study is still needed to look for preventive measures in this field.