正常压力脑积水诊断的研究进展

Research on the Diagnosis of Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus

正常压力脑积水(NPH)是指脑室内压力正常,但有脑室扩大,临床表现主要为步态不稳、反应迟钝及尿失禁等症状的综合征,患者的影像学表现为脑室系统扩大但无明显脑萎缩。治疗NPH最为有效的方法是脑脊液分流术,分流术后患者症状及生活质量的改善被认为是NPH诊断的金标准。如何在术前明确诊断并预测手术效果是困扰临床工作者及学者的难题。该文就NPH常规诊断方法、影像学诊断方法及其他最新进展等进行综述。

Normal pressure hydrocephalus（NPH） is characterized by gait disturbances,dementia and urinary incontinence,associated with ventriculomegaly but normal cerebrospinal fluid pressure;brain imaging shows ventriculomegaly without significant cerebral atrophy .Cerebrospinal fluid shunting is the most effective method for treatment of NPH .The improvement of patients′symptoms and life quality after surgery is consid-ered to be the gold standard of diagnosis of NPH .How to confirm the diagnosis before surgery and predict the effect of the surgery are problems for the clinical professionals and scholars.Here is to make a review of the routine diagnostic methods and imaging diagnostic methods as well as other latest progress about NPH.