宫省制度与三省六部制的形成

Palace and Province System and the Establishmenl of the System of Three Provinces and Six Minister

在宫省制度下,省官、宫官和朝官构成了一个以皇帝为中心的三级分层体系,官员位于这个体系的具体层级,直接影响到他们的政治地位和政治前途。历代皇帝为了有效行使权力、驾驭群臣,不断遵照由"内"制"外"、以"亲"制"疏"原则对三类官员进行机构调整和权力转换。尚书省、中书省和门下省的相继出现和三省六部制的最终定型,即是我国古代宫省制度下官员职务权力消长整合的一个缩影。

In the palace and province system,provincial officer,court officer and the outer court official constitute an emperor-centered three-level hierarchical system,and the concrete level the officials belong to directly affects their political status and their political future.In order to effectively exercise their power and control the officials,emperors continuously adjust the structure,converse the power to three kinds of officials in accordance with the principle of the ＂inner＂ restricting the ＂outer＂ and the ＂close＂ restricting the ＂distant＂.The successive appearance of Shangshu province,Zhongshu province and Mengxia province and the final establishment of the system of three provinces and six ministers are a microcosm of ebb and flow of officials＇ occupation and power under the palace and province system in ancient China.