一种采用FPGA的轨道异物检测系统

Obstacle detection system for railway by using FPGA

为降低货运列车行驶过程中的事故发生率,设计实现了货运轨道异物检测系统.系统包括位于车头上部的视频采集处理装置和位于驾驶室内的异物检测系统两部分.首先,介绍了系统结构和异物检测系统的功能结构,描述了采用FPGA模块的图像采集处理装置的硬件结构.然后,给出了系统异物检测的帧间差分算法和背景减法算法及流程.针对系统之间的数据传输问题,设计了上位机和下位机的通信协议,包括数据结构、帧定义和通信流程.最后,给出了上位机异物检测系统的开发环境和运行结果演示.经测试表明,系统运行正常、检测正确率高,能较好的给予驾驶员异物报警提示.

To reduce the train accidents, ensure the safety of people＇s life and property, this pa- per gives the design and implementation of the obstacle detection system for freight railway. The system includes two parts. One is the video capturing and processing device which lie head of train, the other one is the obstacle detection system which is located in the train cab. Firstly, this paper introduces the obstacle detection system structure and function structure, and gives the hardware structure of image capturing and processing device. Then, the algorithms of frames differencing and background differencing for the obstacle detection are proposed including algo- rithm process. Aiming at the problem of data transmission between the systems, the communica- tion protocol of upper machine and lower machine are designed, including data structure, frame definition and communication process. Finally, the development environment of the obstacle de- tection system and the detection result demo are displayed. The test shows that the system runs normally with high accuracy. It could timely give the warning when detected obstacles.