某市大棚作业女工月经功能异常的影响因素分析

Risk Factors for Menstrual Functional Abnormalities in Female Greenhouse Workers

[目的]探讨温室作业对女性月经功能的影响及其主要的影响因素。[方法]随机偶遇抽取寿光市从事蔬菜大棚种植者575名女工进行问卷调查,了解其生殖健康状况,并采用主成分改进的logistic回归分析寻找影响女性月经功能的主要影响因素。[结果]logistic回归分析显示,农药使用的相关指标占所有影响因素的绝大部分,属于最主要的影响因素,每年施药时间越长、农药配置越浓、亲自混匀农药均会增加生殖健康问题的发生率。而喷完农药第二天或间隔更长时间进入大棚、戴口罩会大大减少生殖健康问题。另外,年龄、文化程度、棚内工作时间、大棚种植年数(年)、大棚种植面积、收入等亦是月经异常的影响因素。[结论]女性蔬菜大棚种植者的月经功能受多种因素的综合影响,其中农药暴露、年龄和文化程度等是主要影响因素。

[ Objective ] To investigate the impact of working in greenhouse on the menstrual function of female workers as well as related major risk factors. [ Methods ] A total of 575 female greenhouse workers were recruited by convenience sampling and accepted a reproductive health questionnaire survey. Logistic regression model integrated with principal component analysis was used to identify the main risk factors of female menstrual function. [ Results ] The results of logistic regression model showed that the indices related to pesticide use accounted for the vast majority of contributions from all risk factors, thus the dominant risk factors. Longer annual pesticide exposure time, higher pesticide concentrations, and mixing pesticides by oneself increased the odds of reproductive health issues; while entering the greenhouses one or more days later after spraying pesticide and wearing masks substantially reduced the odds. In addition, age, education, greenhouse working time （year）, greenhouse area, and income were also the risk factors for abnormal menstruation. [ Conclusion ] Various risk factors could contribute to the menstrual function abnormalities of female greenhouse workers, including pesticide exposure, age, and education.