曝气生物滤池处理低温水源水生物活性及种群结构分析

Biological Activity and Bacterial Community Composition Analysis of Source Water Treated by Biologically Aerated Filter at Low Temperature

应用比好氧呼吸速率和聚合酶链式反应-变性梯度凝胶电泳结合克隆、测序技术研究了以沸石和陶粒为填料的曝气生物滤池处理低温水源水的生物活性和不同运行阶段的种群结构演替规律.研究结果表明:随着温度的降低,沸石和陶粒滤池对氨氮和高锰酸盐指数的去除效能也随之下降,但仍能保证一定的去除效能;沸石和陶粒滤池对氨氮的去除主要集中在滤床高度40 cm以下,对高锰酸盐指数的去除主要集中在滤床高度55 cm以下;低温影响了微生物的活性,且异养菌受影响更为显著;在整个运行过程中,2组滤池种群多样性较为丰富,优势种群与常温条件下无显著差别,且均表现出了明显的优势种群演替规律,其中亚硝化螺菌属在低温条件下得到富集,并成为系统的优势种群,而硝化螺菌属在运行初期即被淘汰;经过长期低温驯化,2种填料曝气生物滤池的优势种群趋于一致.

The biological activity and bacterial community composition in biologically aerated filter（ BAF） with zeolite and ceramic medium for treating source water at low temperature were investigated by oxygen uptake rate and polymerase chain reaction-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis combined with cloning and sequencing. Results showed that the removals of the ammonia nitrogen and the permanganate index slightly decreased with the decrease of temperature in both zeolite and ceramic BAFs. Even so,the removals in two BAFs still showed a satisfactory performance. The main removals of ammonia nitrogen and permanganate index in two BAFs were performed below 40 cm and 55 cm height,respectively. Low temperature had a significant effect on biological activity of two BAFs,especially for heterotrophic bacterium. During the whole operation,the biodiversity was enriched in two BAFs. It was no significant difference of dominant species between the low and room temperature. The changes of dominant species were obvious when the temperature became lower. The Nitrosospira was enriched and became thedominant species,while the Nitrospira disappeared in initial stage. In addition,the dominant species in two BAFs were similar after a long-term operation at low temperature.