“癸卯学制”与晚清女子教育

"The 1904 School System" and Women's Education in the Late Qing Dynasty

晚清民间倡办的女子学校,在"中国女学堂"关闭之后,很快又在多地兴起。1904年初颁行的《奏定蒙养院章程及家庭教育法章程》,在制度上否定了女学堂的合法存在,给女子教育的发展造成了不利影响。作者通过对章程制定者之一、学务大臣张百熙的演说的分析,认为章程也有正面意义,为女子教育的发展预留了一定的空间。而章程实施后的女学实践,证明其负面效果相对有限。女学事业的命运,主要取决于地方的人事因素。《奏定蒙养院章程及家庭教育法章程》的颁行,为1907年《女子小学堂章程》《女子师范学堂章程》的面世,做了必要的过渡与铺垫。

After the Chinese Girls＇ School was closed in 1900, the elite-run women＇s schools appeared immediately in many places. However, The State Regulations on Elementary and Family Education, which was issued by the Qing government in 1904, denied the legitimacy of women＇s schools institutionally. Through an analysis of the speech of Zhang Baixi, one of the 1904 Regulation makers and the official charge of the educational affairs, I argue that the 1904 Regulation was actually quite positive in terms of flexibility for the future development of women＇s education. The practice of women＇s schooling after the 1904 Regulation also proved that its negative influence was limited. The destinies of many women＇s schools were largely dependent on the local personnel investment. In this sense, the issue of the 1904 Regulation paved the way for The State Regulation on Females＇ Elementary Schooling and The State Regulation on Women＇s Normal College Education issued in 1907.