从君主婚姻看先秦两汉上层社会对贵族女性的价值评判

The Value Judgment of Female Nobles by the Upper Stratum of the Han Dynasties and the Dynasties Prior to the Qin Dynasty from the Perspective of Monarchial Marriages

先秦两汉时期男性贵族缔结婚姻时最主要的衡量因素是女性的家世与德行。出身显赫且德行出众的贵族女性自是最受青睐的配偶人选。但受不同时代、局势以及男性自身处境变化等影响,女性的家世与德行在贵族男性的价值评判中被区分出主次顺序,即男性势弱需要外援时,女方强大的门阀势力超越良好的德行成为其最大价值所在;男性势强时,贤女德妇则是婚姻的最佳人选。

The main measuring factors in marriages of the male nobility aunng me Han lJynasncs and dynasties prior to the Qin Dynasty are the female ancestral origin and virtue. Female nobility of outstanding parentage and virtue are the most popular choice of spouses. But owing to such factors as different times, changes of the situation and males＇ own circumstances, the ancestral origin and virtue of the females are divided into the primary and secondary order in the value judgment by the male nobility. Namely, when the males were weak and needed foreign aid, namely the malc weak need foreign aid, the females＇ powerful aristocratic forces went beyond good virtue to become their largest value; when the males were strong, virtuous and morally good females are the best candidate for marriages.