温度对紫黑翼蚌耗氧率和排氨率及其昼夜变化的影响

Effects of temperature on the oxygen consumption rate,ammonia excretion rate and their diurnal variations of Potamilus alatus

采用静水呼吸法测定了在3个不同温度条件下紫黑翼蚌耗氧率及排氨率的变化,比较了雌雄蚌的呼吸代谢差异,并研究了其昼夜变化规律。结果表明：在17-27℃条件下,紫黑翼蚌的耗氧率和排氨率均随温度的升高而升高;雄蚌耗氧率高于雌蚌,但无显著性差异;而雄蚌排氨率低于雌蚌,且在22℃、27℃条件下排氨率差异显著（P=0.014,P〈0.01）;在27℃条件下,雄蚌的氧氮比显著高于雌蚌（P=0.019）,这可能与紫黑翼蚌雌雄生理差异有关;22℃时,紫黑翼蚌耗氧率和排氨率均存在明显的昼夜节律,夜间显著高于白天,雌雄蚌的呼吸代谢高峰均出现在凌晨1：00-3：00,除雄蚌的排氨率低谷出现在9：00-11：00,其他低谷均出现15：00-17：00。在22℃条件下,雄蚌一昼夜平均耗氧率高于雌蚌,而平均排氨率低于雌蚌,但均无显著性差异（P〉0.05）。本结果初步揭示了温度对雌雄紫黑翼蚌呼吸代谢的影响及昼夜变化规律,为提高其人工驯养成活率、池塘合理放养及雌雄生长差异研究提供理论参考。

The oxygen consumption rate （OCR） and ammonia excretion rate （AER） of pink heel splitter Potamilus alatus were studied using closed respirometry under three different water temperature conditions. The respiratory metabolic differences between male and female mussels and the diurnal variation were studied.. The results show that when water temperature ranges from 17 ℃ to 27 ℃, both OCR and AER increase with the increase of water temperature; the OCR of male mussels is higher than that of females but the difference is not significant, whereas the AER of males is lower than that of females and the difference is significant at 22 ℃ and 27 ℃ （P =0.014,P 〈0.01 ）. At 27 ℃, the oxygen nitrogen ratio of male mussels is significantly higher than that of females （ P = 0. 019, P 〈 0. 05 ）, possibly due to their physiological differences. When temperature is at 22 ℃, there are obvious diurnal variations in both OCR and AER which are significantly higher in nighttime than daytime; the respiratory metabolism peak of both males and females appears in the early morning from AM 1：00 to 3：00, while all troughs are found in the afternoon from 15：00 to 17：00 except that the AER of males appears between AM 9：00 -11：00;during the whole day, the males show a higher average OCR and lower AER compared with females, but the difference is not significant （P 〉 0.05）. The present study preliminarily reveals the effect of temperature on the respiratory metabolism and diurnal variation of pink heel splitters, providing theoretical references for enhancing the domestication survival rate, improving reasonable pond stocking and for further research on male-female growth differences.