美国内布拉斯加州林肯市犯罪行为的聚类及热点分布分析

Cluster and Hot Spot Analysis in Lincoln,Nebraska,USA

抢劫和入室盗窃犯罪行为是日常生活中最长见的违法行为,而这两种违法行为的发生有一定的规律可循。例如抢劫行为主要发生在市中心、CBD和商业中心的人群、商铺密集区域,而入室盗窃则多发生于生活社区及其周边地带。然而,想要防范这两种犯罪行为需要根据实际情况进行分析和比对,结合分析结果提出准确合理的警力部署。美国内布拉斯加州林肯市警察局针对该市抢劫和入室盗窃犯罪行为高发的情况,需要针对具体分析结果对于警力进行部署,主要针对徒步巡逻和是否需要对住户进行入户警示进行分析,根据分析结果进行具体部署。本文中使用的分析方法为紧邻层空间聚类分析(NNH)和针对犯罪的空间和时间分析法(SPAC),分别对林肯市入室行窃和抢劫的数据进行分析并尝试将两种方法进行对比以便给出更加科学的分析报告。

Residential burglaries and robberies in Lincoln, Nebraska has tracked a lot attention of the Police Station in the Lincoln City.Due to the increasing numbers of these crime activities, the Police decided to start analysis focused on the crime events and find out the hot spot of them in terms of deploy the foot patrol and decide whether to give warning to the people who lives in the hot spot ar-eas.In this case, a technical report was required to help the police to give advises to help with the decision-making.In any case, the robberies and residential burglaries have specific conditions of happening.For instance, robberies always happen in the city cen-tre, CBD and the shopping mall where population density are larger than other areas while residential burglaries have a high possibility of occurring in the living areas which means that more house a gathered.In this paper, a Nearest Neighbour Hierarchical Spatial Clus-tering （ NNH） and Spatial ND Temporal Analysis of Crime （ SPAC） will be used to do the analysis and the comparison of these to methodologies will be done to give a more technical report.