英国高中阶段教育普职融通的基本经验与现实挑战

The Unification of General and Vocational Education(UGVE) in High Schools in England:Basic Experiences and Emerging Challenges

英国高中阶段教育普职融通的有效推进,很大程度上得益于其相对成熟的学校课程体系和教育证书体系:一方面,通过综合高中同时开设普/职两套课程体系、职业高中大力开设普通教育课程、"拼盘式课程",以及校际课程资源共享促进学校课程体系中的普职融通;另一方面,通过"资格与学分框架"将各级各类普/职教育证书纳入同一框架内,促进了证书间的互认与转换。然而,当前的教育证书体系、学校课程体系、教育投入与评估体系,以及升学与就业标准中依然存在着种种"普职割裂",这将是英国高中教育普职融通深度推进面临的主要挑战。

The unification of general and vocational education （UGVE） in high schools in England is recognized as successful. Its successes are originated from the school curriculum system and national educational qualification system： on one hand, the UGVE in the school curriculum is supported by the recent trends of comprehensive high schools, ＇Sand- wich Curriculum＇, and curriculum sharing across vocational and academic schools. On the other hand, the ＇Qualifications and Credit Framework＇ （QCF） have successfully integrated different vocational and academic qualifications into one qualifi- cations framework. Currently, there are still several ＇splits＇ among the qualification system, school curriculum system, edu- cational financial system, curriculum assessment system, and university application ＆ employment criteria in England. These ＇splits＇ are the main challenges toward the UGVE in England.