中国与主要发达国家智能制造的比较研究

A Comparative Study of Intelligent Manufacturing between China and the Main Developed Countries

当前,智能制造的发展已成为工业发达国家的主要竞争领域。由于美国、德国和日本等发达国家在智能制造领域较早进行战略布局,具有多年的技术积累,竞争优势明显。我国也把智能制造作为两化融合的主攻方向,加快构建智能制造产业体系建设。本文从工业机器人、数控机床和3D打印三个方面,对美国、日本、德国、中国的智能制造进行了比较分析。研究发现,我国智能制造核心技术缺失,自主品牌薄弱,企业小而散,无论在产业规模、研发能力还是在市场占有率等方面都与发达国家的制造业存在较大差距。为缩小我国与工业发达国家之间的差距,实现我国制造业跨越式发展,本文最后提出严格市场准入、加大科研投入、加强产业联盟建设和加强国家合作等政策建议。

At present, intelligent manufacturing has become the main battlefield of main developed countries, such as the United States, Germany and Japan. these countries have an earlier strategic layout in the field of intelligent manufacturing, so they have a deep technology accumulation and obvious advantage of industry. In recent years, our country also put intelligent manufacturing as the main direction of the integration of informatization between industrialization, and speeding up the construction of industrial system in intelligent manufacturing. This paper compared and analyzed the intelligent manufacturing in four countries, namely the United States, Japan, Germany and China, in three aspects of industrial robots, CNC machine tools and 3D printing. The study found that Chinese intelligent manufacturing lack of core technologies, and independent brand enterprises is weak, enterprises are small and scattered, and there is an obvious disparity with the developed country in three aspects, such as industrial scale, ability of research and development and market share. To narrow the gap between China and developed industrial countries and achieve leapfrog development, this paper put forward policy recommendations on restricting market access, increasing research investment, strengthening industrial alliance construction and international cooperation.