宁夏城镇化过程中水资源的利用分析

The Relationship Between Urbanization and Water Use in Ningxia Province

基于宁夏自治区2000—2012年城市化、三次产业发展及用水结构等统计数据,首先定量分析宁夏用水结构的演化规律,包括用水结构的总体变化过程和年变化率,其次定量比较和分析宁夏城市化水平与用水总量、用水效益、产业结构以及用水结构的演化过程,并模拟城市化水平与用水总量、用水效益、产业结构和用水结构之间的定量关系.结果显示:1宁夏的用水类型仍主要为农业用水,比重较大,一直维持在90%以上,而工业用水和生活用水的比重呈明显增长趋势.2宁夏城市化水平逐年提高,用水效益不断加强,城市化水平与用水效益之间呈线性增长关系.3宁夏用水总量略有波动但呈现下降的趋势,城市化水平与用水总量之间对数增长关系不明显,水资源对城市化进程存在一定的约束作用.今后需要进一步加快产业结构的优化升级,着力提高用水效益,不断提高灌溉水利用效率,普及滴灌等节水技术,种植抗旱作物,控制农业用水;加大污水农作力度,把工业与城市生产生活污水集中净化处理,二次用于农业灌溉或补给地下水,促进城市化发展,实现城市化水平高、用水总量低、用水效益高的高水平协调状态.

The study was based on the statistical data of Ningxia from 2000 to 2012 on population urbanization, three industrial outputs, water structures, etc. We quantitatively analyzed the evolution process of water use structure in Ningxia, including the total change process and variation rates of water use structure. Then we quantitatively compared and analyzed the evolution process of urbanization and total water use, water use efficiency, industrial structure and water use structure in Ningxia Province and established the mathematical relationship among them. The results showed as follows. （1）The main type of water in Ningxia is still agricultural water. Agricultural water use accounted a large proportion, which kept over 90%. However, the proportion of industrial water and domestic water shows a obvious growth trend. （2）The water use efficiency is higher where the level of urbanization is high. Urbanization level and water use efficiency show a linear growth relationship. （3）The total water use has slight fluctuations but shows a slight downward trend. The urbanization level and water use efficiency have no obvious logarithmic growth of irrigation water, popularize drip irrigation water saving technology, such as planting drought-resistant crops, and control agricultural water, also need to increase the intensity of sewage farming, focus the industrial and urban sewage purification treatment for secondary use on agricultural irrigation or recharge of groundwater, and promote urbanization and water structures to a high level coordination of state including high urbanization, low total water use and high water efficiency.