某校车顶部抗压试验及仿真分析

Compression Test on a Bus Top and Analysis of Simulation Experiments

为更好地评价专用校车顶部结构强度,提高校车顶部抗压性能,基于校车国家新标准GB24407—2012《专用校车安全技术条件》,建立整车有限元仿真模型.基于均匀加载方法定义顶部抗压边界条件,分析顶部结构的能量吸收特性并与实车顶压试验进行对比,验证了模型的有效性.仿真分析表明:校车顶部结构变形较小,应力分布均匀,上部结构强度较好;各项法规评价指标误差在10%以内.仿真与实验结果一致性较好,本研究可为校车后期安全性评价及结构改进提供参考方法.

In order to give a good evaluation of the top structure strength of school bus and improve the passive safety performance of its top compressive strength, a finite element （FE） model of the school bus was developed based on the Regulation GB 24407--2012 ＂Technical Specifications for Safety of School Buses＂. The compressive boundary conditions of the school bus were defined on uniform loading approach. The model was validated by comparing the top structure energy absorption features with the experimental results of the school bus. The simulation results show small top deformation, uniform stress distribution, good structural strength on upper part, evaluation error less than 10% for regulations, and good agreement between test results. The FE model can be used for safety evaluation and structure improvement of the school bus.