名物的濒危与语言空心化——以黎平四寨侗语名物系统为例

Endangered Onoma and Language Hollowization: The Case of Kam Onoma Endangerment and Its Causes in the Sizhai Village of Liping in Guizhou

侗语名物是侗族在认识世界中所获取的知识和经验的积淀,也是侗族独特文化和思维模式的体现,是侗族语言生存和传统知识传承的基石。农村人口的城镇"农民工"化、民族村寨的空巢化、环境的恶化、物种的退化和绝灭,导致了侗语名物系统的日渐濒危和侗语的空心化。因此,对侗语名物系统开展抢救性调查记录和研究,已是今天侗族语言学和人类学研究的当务之急。

Based on a fieldwork on endangerment of traditional naming practices conducted in Sizhai, a Kam village in Liping County of Southeast Guizhou Province, the paper suggests that the causes for the onoma endangerment are complex, including but not limited to the following factors： Population emigration for wedge jobs in cities and consequent hollowization of villages; environmental deteriora- tion; traditional knowledge abandonment; and species endangerment and extinction. The author pro- poses that it has become an urgent task for linguists and anthropologists in the field of Kam Studies to salvage this heritage by systematically documenting the onoma and related practices that are already critically endangered but still in the memory among the Kam elders