美国重塑教育博士改革行动及其启示

Reform of Ed.D. Education in the United States

进入21世纪以来,美国发起了旨在解决两种学位趋同、彰显教育博士培养特色、创新学位制度的"重塑"教育博士系列改革行动。首先是由美国部分大学率先实施的重新设计教育博士项目的改革行动,在教育博士培养目标、招生对象、课程设置、学位论文要求等方面,探索彰显教育博士这一专业学位特色的培养模式,开启了美国重塑教育博士改革行动的帷幕;其次是由卡内基教学促进会联合25所大学共同发起的全国性重新评估教育博士卡内基行动,以重新评估为手段,通过项目联盟、协作设计实验等举措,共同探索特色鲜明的新的教育博士培养模式;三是由哈佛大学启动实施的创设教育领导博士专业学位的改革行动,丰富了美国博士学位结构,创建出美国新的教育博士类型,进一步拓展了教育博士教育发展的空间。

Since the beginning of twenty-first Century, in order to solve two degree convergence, show the characteristics of doctor of education（Ed.D.）, and Innovation the academic degree system, American launched remodeling doctor of education series reform action. The first is the project of the redesign doctor of education that American part of the university launched, in aspects of training objectives, admissions object, curriculum, dissertation requirements, exploring the cultivating the mode of doctor of education to highlight the characteristics of this professional degree, opening America remodeling doctor of education reform action curtain;The second is that the Carnegie Project on the Education Doctorate by the Carnegie Foundation for Teaching and Learning and 25 University jointly launched, reevaluation as the means, through the project alliance, cooperative design experiment measures, to jointly explore the distinct characteristics of the new education doctoral cultivation mode; the third is creating Doctor of Education Leadership （Ed.L.D.） by Harvard University, to enrich American doctoral degree structure, and create a new type of American doctoral education, further expand the development of doctoral education space.