中老年人健身心理需求与运动依赖关系研究

The Relationship of Psychological Need for Exercise and Exercise Dependence Among Middle-aged and Old

随着运动依赖相关研究课题逐年增加,但却很少研究探讨心理需求对运动依赖的影响,因此,论文目的了解不同运动依赖程度的中老年人在心理需求方面差异情形。母群体来自于杭州、上海、武汉3个地区在空余闲暇时间会主动参与健身的中老年人(N=1 300),让其填写健身运动依赖量表、健身运动心理需求量表,以立意取样选取结果共828人为运动行为规律者为研究对象,平均年龄为69.26±0.78岁,其中,男234人(平均年龄69.23±0.75岁),女594人(平均年龄68.64±0.82岁)。利用当面发放方式收集资料,以单因子多变量变异数分析进行分析。结果发现:中老年人运动依赖程度愈低,胜任感、关系感心理需求就会愈高;中老年人失控愈低,胜任感、关系感就会愈高;中老年人耐受性愈低,自主性、胜任感就会愈高;中老年人过度运动愈低,胜任感就会愈高;减少其它活动在心理需求差异方面并不显著。最终指出中老年人运动行为若存在自主性、胜任感、关系感需求,发生运动依赖可能性会降低。

With the increasing of the research topics of movement depending on relevant year by year, but little study psychological needs to depend on the influence of the sport. Therefore, the purpose of this study to understand different exercise dependence of the elderly in the differences of psychological needs. Groups from Hangzhou, Shanghai, Wuhan three areas in spare leisure time will take the initiative to participate in the fitness of the elderly （N： 1 300）, let it fill in fitness depending on scale, exercise psychology demand scale, selected by purposive sampling to select re- sults. There were a total of 828 human movement behaviors as the research object. The average age was 69.26＋/ 0. 78. Among them, male with the number of 234 （average age 69.23＋/-0.75）, and female with 594（average age 68. 64＋/ 0.82）. Used the way of collecting data by face to face with single factor multivariate analysis of variance analysis. The results showed that： the less dependence of elderly exercising, the higher psychological demand of sense of feeling of competence and the relationship would be. In old people less out of control, the higher feeling of competence, sense of relationship would be. In old people less tolerance, autonomy and feeling of competence would be higher. In old people less excessive movement, the higher feeling of competence would be. Reducing the requirement of the other activities in the psychological differences were not significant. Finally pointed out that if feeling of competence and sense of relationship needs were existing in the elderly autonomy movement behavior, would reduce the probability of movement depending.