黎语核心词:“女人”、“男人”、“人”

Core Words of Li Language: “Females”,“Males”and “Persons”

黎语的"女人"一词是个双音节联合型近义复合词,前音节主要是阴性前加成分pai-或m-,后音节主要是-khau,三个音节在黎语方言中都有语音变体。pai-与m-分别与汉语的"妇"与"母"存在对应关系,-khau则可能来自南岛语表达"女人"这一概念的词。黎语的"男人"一词是个双音节联合型近义复合词,在各方言中存在两个普遍性的音节:pha-和-ma:n,pha-与汉语的"父"对应,-ma:n也是源自南岛语"男人"的侗台语底层词。黎语的"人"分为通什型(代表性音节"?a:u")和加茂型(代表性音节"lai"),通什型为南岛语借词,加茂型为黎族自称即汉语"黎民"一词的"黎"。

In the Li language, the word denoting the notion of ＂females＂ is a disyllable compound word of near-synonymy in the associative form, with the first syllable being a female morpheme plus pai- or mm- , the last syllable being -khau, and all the above three syllables having phonetic variants. While there is a correspondence between pai- and m - and the Chinese characters ＂fu＂（妇） and ＂mu＂ （母）, the syllable -khau may be derived from a certain word close to ＂females＂ in Austronesian. The word conveying the concept of ＂males＂ in the Li lan- guage is a disyllable compound word of near-synonymy in the associative form, which can be represented in two u- niversal syllables--pha- and-ma：n--in various dialects. While the syllable pha- is homologous to the Chinese char- acter ＂fu＂ （父）, the syllable -ma：n is also a bottom word of Dong-tai language arising from Austronesian. In Li language , the word denoting the concept of ＂persons＂, is divided into two types--the Tongshen type （ the repre- sentative syllable is ？a：u） and the Jiamao word from Austronesian; while the Jiamao type （the representative syllable type is a appellation by which Li is lai）. The Tongshen type is a loan- people call their own nation.