脑梗死患者并发吸入性肺炎的相关因素及护理对策分析

Analysis of related factors and nursing measures of patients with cerebral infarction combined with aspiration pneumonia

目的探讨脑梗死患者并发吸入性肺炎(aspiration pneumonia,AP)的相关因素,总结有效护理对策。方法回顾性48例脑梗死并发吸入性肺炎患者的临床资料并将其纳入观察组,随机选取48例未合并吸入性肺炎的脑梗死患者纳入对照组,比较2组患者临床资料的差异并进行统计学分析,总结护理对策。结果观察组与对照组在年龄及伴发基础疾病,合并意识障碍、吞咽困难、咳嗽无力、体位不当、管饲的比例存在差别,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论脑梗死患者中高龄、伴发基础疾病,合并意识障碍、吞咽困难、咳嗽无力、体位不当、管饲与AP的发生相关,应针对其危险因素做好护理工作,以降低AP的发病率。

Objective To investigate the related factors and nursing measures of patients with cerebral infarction combined with aspiration pneumonia （AP）. Methods 48 patients with cerebral infarction combined with AP were considered as observation group and 48 patients with cerebral infarction without AP were considered as control group. The clinical data of two groups were statistically analyzed to provide nursing measures. Results There were statistically difference in age, basic diseases, consciousness disturbance, difficulty swallowing, coughing weakness, improper posture and tube feeding between two groups （P〈0.05）. Conclusion AP occurrence of elderly patients with cerebral infarction is related with age, basic diseases, consciousness disturbance, difficulty swallowing, coughing weakness, improper posture and tube feeding, therefore, the nursing works should focus on eliminating risk factors to reduce the incidence of AP.