美国在亚太地区“雁阵安全模式”浅析

Study on US “Flying Geese Security Model” in Asia-Pacific Region

奥巴马政府执政以来,在"再平衡"战略的背景下,美国在亚太地区逐渐形成了"雁阵安全模式"。这一模式不同于冷战时期的"轴毂安全模式",也不同于冷战后的"扇形安全模式"。"雁阵安全模式"的主要特点是以美国为领头雁,指引雁阵所针对方向;紧随其后的第二梯队是美日同盟、美韩同盟;第三梯队是美国与澳大利亚、菲律宾和泰国等盟国的关系;第四梯队是美国与越南、印度尼西亚、新加坡和印度等国的关系;总体上形成"一雁领头、群雁跟随"的"雁阵"模式。这一安全模式形成的动因主要来自全球趋势的变化、亚太地区自身的特点、美国在中东政策的调整、美国国内的情况以及中国崛起的影响。正在形成的"雁阵安全模式"对美国自身、中国以及亚太地区都将产生重要影响。

Since Obama administration gets in office, “Flying Geese Security Model” has been taking shape under the influence of US Rebalancing to Asia-Pacific strategy. This model is different from “Hub-and-Spokes Security Model”, which came into being during the Cold War, or “Fan Security Model”, which came into being after the end of Cold War. The main features of “Flying Geese Security Model”include that US as the leading goose is directing its followers towards its targets, US-Japan alliance and US-South Korea alliance are the second echelon formation right behind the leading goose, US and its allies -Australia, Philippines and Thailand are the third echelon formation, US and other Asia-Pacific countries such as Vietnam, Indonesia, Singapore and India are the fourth echelon formation. On the whole this model is like flying geese with a leading goose ahead and other geese following behind. Five aspects account for the formation of this security model, which are the changed global trends, the uniqueness of the Asia-Pacific region, the adjustment of the American Middle East policy, the US domestic situation and the rising China. The constructing “Flying Geese Security Model”will have great influence on US itself, China and the Asia-Pacific region.