基于耗散结构理论的采煤塌陷区生态安全评价研究

Study on Ecological Safety Assessment of the Coal Mining Collapsed Area Based on the Dissipative Structure Theory

以某煤矿采煤塌陷区2005～2012年生态安全现状为研究对象，建立生态安全耗散结构模型。从地形、土壤、环境、社会经济四方面建立评价指标体系，采用直线型阈值法处理原始数据，计算各指标要素的信息熵权，最后得出系统总的熵变。结果表明虽然系统年份信息熵值自2009年起开始由正到负，但其累计信息熵值为正，说明谭家山煤矿采煤塌陷区的生态现状并未达到安全水平，还需要在已有的基础上持续维持或进一步改进一段较长时间。理论分析与实际情况相符，较好地验证了该定量分析模型具有很好的科学性与适用性，具有一定的推广应用价值。

Taking the ecological safety situation of some coal mining collapsed area as an example from the year of 2005 to 2012, this thesis establishes a dissipative structure model. By establishing the evaluation in-dex system from the perspective of the landform, soil, ecological and the social policy regulation, the author first processes the initial data with the linear threshold value method, then figures out the information entropy of all indictors, and calculates the total entropy of the system at last. As a result, it shows that though the infor-mation entropy of the year in the system has become negative from 2009, the accumulating information entro-py actually presents positive, indicating the land ecological environment in Tan Jiashan Coal mining areas fails to reach the safety standard and much effort should be give to continue or improve further the current sit-uation based on the reality. The conformation of the theory analysis and the actual situation approves that model of quantitative analysis is scientific, applicable and instrumental to the practice.