基于PSR模型的荒漠区露天煤矿环境绩效评估研究

Research on open-pit coal mine environmental performance evaluation based on PSR model in desert region

为构建适用于荒漠区露天煤矿的绩效评估体系,对荒漠区露天煤矿生态环境影响因素进行分析,借鉴ISO14031标准对新疆五彩湾矿区5个露天煤矿的环境绩效进行评估。通过指标筛选原则确定重大环境影响因子,以PSR(压力—状态—响应)框架模型为基础构建环境绩效指标体系,采用熵值法对指标进行权重赋值,结合环境绩效指数法及雷达图像对矿区环境绩效进行评估。研究结果表明,研究区环境绩效水平整体中等偏低,各露天煤矿环境绩效水平有明显差异。在荒漠区敏感、脆弱的环境条件下,提高环境绩效水平的关键在于对污染源的控制,生态环境的修复,环境监管和治理水平的提升。

In order to constructing a performance evaluation system which applying to open- pit coal mine in desert area and analysis the influence factors on ecological environment of open- pit coal mine in desert area, the authors took ISO14031 standard as an example to evaluate the environmental performance of 5 open-pit coal mines in Wucaiwan mining area in Xinjiang. By u- sing the principles of index screening to determine significant environmental influence factors, the authors constructed the environmental performance index system based upon PSR （pressure- state-response） frame model and using entropy method to given value for index-weight, and eval- uated coal mine area environmental performance by combining environmental performance index method and the radar chart. The results showed that environmental performance level of research area were medium to low, and the 5 open-pit coal mine environmental performance level were sig- nificant difference. Thus, in the desert region of sensitive and fragile environment conditions, the keys of improving the environmental performance level were controlling pollution sources, resto- ration of the ecological environment, and improving environmental supervision and management level.