顶板破碎富水矿山的机械化上向水平分层充填采矿法

Mechanized Upward Horizontal Cut and Fill Method for the Broken Roof and Water-rich Mine

针对华东某铜矿矿体顶板破碎,采场容易冒顶,采场富水,底板多次突水的问题,在矿山原有的点柱式分层充填开采的基础上,提出了机械化充填开采新方案。方案充分利用上向水平分层充填法矿石损失贫化小,地压管理效果明显,能有效防止冒顶、片帮、突水等矿山灾害的特性,结合机械化开采生产效率高、开采成本低、作业安全和工作环境好的特点,采用机械化上向水平分层充填采矿法。充填方案采用胶结与全尾砂充填间隔充填,进行连续开采,胶结材料为复合型高水速凝材料及尾砂。矿山生产表明:新方案使矿山采矿效率提升1/3,矿石回收率提高4%,贫化率降低0.4%,也为矿山作业安全提供了强大保障,有效克服了矿山冒顶、突水、生产效率低等问题,可为其他类似矿山开采提供一定的参考与借鉴。

In view of the issues of a copper mine in east China,such as roof breaking,easy roof fall,rich water and floor water inrush,and based on the original mining with pillar layered backfill,a new scheme of mechanized backfill mining is put forward. This scheme takes full advantages of the upward horizontal cut and fill method,which can reduce ore loss and dilution rates,effectively control ground pressure and prevent mine disasters such as roof collapse,wall caving and water bursting. Combined with the characteristics of mechanized mining,such as high production efficiency,low cost,safe operation of mining and a good working environment,the mechanized upward horizontal cut and fill method is adopted. The interval filling by cemented filling with unclassified tailings filling is applied to realize continuous mining,and the component of cemented filling are the composite high-water-content and quick-setting materials and tailings. The production results showed that the new method make mining efficiency enhanced by one-third,the recovery rate increased by 4% and the ore dilution rate reduced by 0. 4%. Also it provides well guarantee for the mine work safety,and effectively solves the problems of the mine roof fall,water inrush,and low production efficiency. It can be used as a reference for design and construction of other similar mine.