我国非正规就业的类型与发展对策研究

Classification of Informal Employment and Development Countermeasures in China

非正规就业现已成为我国劳动力市场的主体力量,学术界对非正规就业类型有各种分类。从就业群体这个新的视角,可把我国非正规就业群体分为城镇下岗职工、农村剩余劳动力、高校毕业生三种类型,通过对这三个群体的特点和非正规就业形式进行分析发现,三者都存在"自雇型"和"受雇型"非正规就业,但却存在很大的差别。高校毕业生倾向于通过自主创业或独立服务的形式主动选择非正规就业,属于"主动型"非正规就业。城镇下岗职工和农村剩余劳动力属于"被动型"非正规就业。因此,要有效管理劳动力市场实现充分就业就必须积极拓宽就业渠道,加强城镇下岗职工的就业服务,深化户籍制度改革,加强农村剩余劳动力职业技能培训,并激励和扶持高校毕业生自主创业。

Informal employment has become the main force of China＇ s labor market. Academic circles have dif- ferent kinds of classifications of informal employment types, from the new perspective of employment groups, this article divides China＇ s informal employment groups into three parts including urban laid-off workers, rural surplus labor and college graduates. By analyzing the characteristics of three groups and informal employment forms, there exists self-employed and employed informal employment in three kinds of surplus labor force, there is also significant difference between them. As active informal employment, college graduates tend to choose informal employment by the means of self-employment or independent service,while urban laid-off workers and rural surplus labor belong to passive informal employment. Therefore, to effectively manage the labour market and achieve full employment,we need to actively expand employment channels, strengthen urban laid-off workers employment services, deepen the reform of household registration system, intensify vocational and technical training in rural surplus labor, encourage and support college graduates employment and entrepreneurship.