MicroRNAs在胶质瘤中生物学功能及基因治疗潜力研究进展

A systematic review of microRNAs and the therapeutic potential in glioma

MicroRNAs(miRNA)是一类非编码RNA,研究表明,胶质瘤中miRNA表达水平异常与其发病机制及恶化密切相关,这为研究肿瘤发病机理提供了新的方向,同时为癌症的诊断与治疗提供了新的策略.神经胶质瘤是颅内最频发的恶性肿瘤,根据其恶性程度,世界卫生组织(WHO)将其分为Ⅰ-Ⅳ4个等级,每个等级又分为许多亚型.通过抑制参与调控胶质瘤细胞增殖和凋亡相关基因的表达,miRNA参与胶质瘤发生发展的调控,影响预后.此外,miRNA还影响着胶质瘤的放、化疗抵抗,它不仅可以作为胶质瘤临床诊断与治疗新的分子靶标,还可以作为胶质瘤基因治疗的靶点.本文综述了目前在神经胶质瘤中发现的表达水平上调或下调的miRNAs,及其在胶质瘤发生发展中的生物学功能,讨论了miRNAs在神经胶质瘤临床治疗中的诊断与治疗潜力.

MicroRNAs （miRNA） are short non-coding RNAs, and the discovery of miRNA has provided a novel idea to the re- search of tumor pathogenesis, and a new strategy to the diagnosis and prognosis of human cancers. Currently, numerous studies have indicated that the deregulation of miRNAs in glioma is close- ly related to glioma pathogenesis and progress. Glioma is the most frequent and malignant brain tumor, which was classified five grades （ I - IV） according to WHO, and each level includes vari- ous pathological subtypes, miRNAs function as key regulator of glioma through negative control the target gene expression, and could decrease the key regnlator level by targeting the 3＇-UTR of it＇s mRNA which regnlates the cell proliferation, apoptosis and prognosis of glioma. Moreover, the radiation and chemotherapy resistance in glioma therapy are also effected by deregulation of miRNAs, which suggested that miRNAs would act as tumor sup- pressor or oncogene in glioma, and it can be used as a biomarker of glioma diagnose and therapy, but also a novel target of glioma gene therapy. In this review, we summarize the current finding of miRNAs which is deregulated in glioma and discuss the molecular diagnostic and therapeutic potential of miRNAs in glioma.