塑造和表彰——对20世纪五六十年代“五好”活动的历史考察

Modeling and Commending: A Historical Review of the "Five Good" Role Model Campaigns in the 1950s and 1960s

在服从于社会主义建设的总目标下,妇联组织将"五好"活动从职工家属扩展至城市家庭妇女,以独特的角度触及了家庭内部,用集体主义的道德规范改造家庭内部关系和邻里关系,同时将互助组这种集体主义合作形式广泛应用,在一定程度上减轻了妇女的家庭负担。"五好"活动是对马克思主义妇女解放理论中国化的探索。然而,家务劳动在"五好"宣传中成为妇女们的职责所在,无疑强化了家庭内部性别化分工。在服务于生产的"中心任务"以及为社会主义建设做贡献而获得肯定的前提下,这一时期的"五好"活动被深深打上了时代的烙印。

The ACWF promoted the ＂Five Good＂ role model campaigns within the goals of constructing socialism among wives of workers and urban homemakers, campaigns that advocated collectivism in reforming family relations and relationships in neighbourhoods. These campaigns also promoted mutual help groups as a widely used cooperative model to organize women and help reduce women＇s household responsibilities. The ＂Five Good＂ role model campaigns were Chinese application of Marxist theory of women＇s liberation. However, housework that was regarded as women＇s responsibility in these campaigns undoubtedly reinforced gender based domestic divisions of labor. These campaigns were officially recognized and praised for their emphasis on promoting production and contributions to socialist construction and therefore reflected their times.