计及用户需求响应的分时电价优化模型

Optimal Time-of-use Electricity Price Model Considering Customer Demand Response

峰谷分时电价是一种有效的价格型需求响应策略,合理的峰谷电价能为用户提供充足有效的价格信号,从而达到削峰填谷的目的。采用需求价格弹性分析用户的用电量随电价的变化情况,从而建立用户的分时电价响应模型。以峰谷差最小为目标,考虑保证用户利益且峰谷电价比在一定范围内等约束条件,建立峰谷分时电价的有约束非线性规划模型。设计分时电价的十进制编码方案,根据生存概率以轮盘赌方式对染色体进行选择复制,以随机概率的方式进行染色体的交叉变异,从而构造相应的遗传算法求解思路。分析该优化分时电价下的需求响应效果,并讨论需求弹性和峰谷时段的改变对优化结果以及需求响应的影响。算例分析表明该模型能有效改善负荷曲线,达到较好的需求响应效果。

Time-of-use（TOU）electricity price is an effective price-based demand response strategy,which plays an important role on load shifting. The essence of TOU pricing is to determine its level so as to provide adequate and effective pricing signal. Firstly,the reaction of customers to TOU electricity price is analyzed based on the price-based demand response in this paper. Then the response model is established via the price elasticity of demand. By setting the load shifting as the object and taking into consideration some restrictions such as ensuring both power supply companies and customers obtain profit and making the TOU price rate restricted in a range,so the optimal TOU pricing model is established in this paper. The model is solved by the genetic algorithm and the influences of elasticity and peak and valley periods on this model are also discussed. The tests indicate that the model can improve the load curve and can obtain better resolution for load shifting effectively.