儿童误服毒物或药物31例原因分析及预防建议

Children poisoned by accidentally swallowing toxicant or medicine:causes and countermeasures

目的了解儿童误服毒物或药物的常见原因和特点,为预防此类意外伤害提供有价值的参考。方法总结31例误服毒物或药物患儿的年龄、误服原因、误服物种类、途径等,分析造成患儿误服毒物或药物的主要影响因素。结果误服毒物或药物的患儿男女比例1.58∶1;平均年龄(3.6±3.1)岁。误服物均为药物,主要为液体(58.10%),误服液体的主要原因(61.10%)是家长以饮料瓶盛装误服物;主要误服物有农药、杀虫及灭鼠药(32.30%),酒精饮料及其它溶液(32.30%)。所有患儿均治愈出院。结论婴幼儿及学龄前儿童易发生毒物或药物误服,药物误服往往因家长保管不妥所致,鼠药误服多为儿童在小区灭鼠期间无意捡食。

Objective To find out the causes of accidental poisoning in children by swallowing toxicant or medicine. Method 31 cases of accidental poisoning in children during the period from January 2008 to December 2012 were collected and the causes or risk factors were analyzed and SPSS 17.0 was used in the study. Findings Thirty-one cases of accidental poisoning were identified in the study. Nineteen children were male and 12 were female and the ratio was 1.58：1. The mean age was 3. 6 ± 3.1. The constituent ratio ranging from 1 to 3 years or 4 to 6 years were 54.80% and 22.60% respectively. Substance being swallowed were liquid （58. 10% ） and solid （41.90%） ; 10 （32.30%） of which were rodcnticide or pesticides, followed by medicines 8 （25.80%） and cleansers 3 （9.70%）. Ten （32.30%） of which were other substances. Among 18 children who drank liquid unwittingly, 11 eases （61.10%） took poisonous liquid from the beverage containers. Rodenticide poisoning occurred when the children swallowed them during the deratization activity in the community. All patients were cured in the study. Conclusion Infants and preschoolers are high risk groups susceptible to accidental poisoning. Keeping the medicines in the right place, avoiding containing liquids unsuitable for drinking in beverage bottles and telling children never to eat anything from ground or unknown sources are efficacious ways to prevent accidental poisoning.