侗戏传统风俗中的信仰与仪式

Beliefs and Rituals in Traditional Customs of Dong Opera

侗戏传统风俗中有一些与戏班演出相关的时间信仰、神灵信仰,信仰又衍生出若干禁忌。由此侗人创制出一些为祈福避祸而举行的仪式,如祭台、祭萨、请神请师、贺台与扫台仪式,还有禳灾的巫术。通过田野调查可见侗人过去的神灵信仰十分虔敬,在其信仰体系中祖先崇拜与英雄崇拜的地位比较突出,其侗戏仪式与信仰体系既有原生性又有同化性特征。

There are some time-beliefs and god-beliefs associated with Dong opera performance, which have spawned a number of taboos. Dong people formulate some ceremonies such as stage sacrifice, Sa sacrifice, inviting gods and masters, stage celebration, stage cleaning, which are held to pray for a refuge. Some witch-crafts have also been created by Dong people to get rid of disasters. It can be seen through my fieldwork that Dong people have very sincere beliefs in gods in the past. Ancestor worship and hero worship have occupied prominent positions in its belief systems. Its belief systems and Dong opera ceremonies have both primordial and assimilating characteristics.