中药组方配伍的研究进展

Development in Complex Prescription Compatibility of Traditional Chinese Medicine

中药复方配伍规律是中医复方的关键,多数中药复方配伍都是关于配伍、化学成分变化、药效三者之间的关系展开。中医药理论对配伍规律具有指导作用,其中理论研究占据绝大部分,而关于复方配伍的研究,在药理学、药物效应学、药代动力学等方面的研究也有增长,正交设计、均匀设计、关联分析、聚类分析等数据挖掘技术的文献报道开始增多。现今,实验大部分是对药物配伍、以及不同剂量配伍的研究,查找药效增强或减弱,以确定最适宜的药物配伍和剂量配伍关系。在一定范围内,药味剂量的变化可能不会导致药效的改变;但在更多的情况下,不同的剂量配伍将会导致其理化性质的改变,从而导致复方功效强弱、性质方面发生变化,甚至产生新的化学成分。研究者从中医药理论、药效物质基础研究、化学成分与药代动力学和中药有效组分配伍等不同角度阐述了对中药组方配伍的认识与思考,其中有效组分配伍研究成为近年来研究的特点,并论述了从拆方方法、指纹图谱法和现代仪器运用等多种途径揭示中药组方配伍研究中的配伍原则、配伍规律和相关进展。2000年后,实验研究分别在饮片和有效成分,以及体内体外不同方面,多角度、多学科融合进行了研究,随现代科学发展,中药复方配伍研究也开始了新的探索和实践,为中医药走向世界奠定了基础。

The law of compatibility is the key to complex prescription in traditional Chinese medicine （TCM）. Researches on compatibility always focus on the relationships among the compatibilities, the chemical compositions and the pharmacological effects. TCM principle is guidance for the law of compatibility, and the research on theory is dominant. Among the researches on compatibility of complex prescription, studies on pharmacological effects, medicine chemistry and pharmacokinetic also have increased, and the studies related to orthogonal design, homogeneous design, correlation analysis and clustering analysis have become more and more gradually. Nowadays, the research concentrates on compatibility of different TCM, increased and decreased regulation in pharmacological effects after compatibility with different doses to discover the best relationship between medicine compatibility and dose compatibility. In some scope, the dose variations may not change the pharmacological effects; but in most cases, compatibility of different doses may change the physical or chemical characters of medicines, so the pharmacological effects and the characters in complex prescription might change, even produce new chemical components. Researchers explain the cognition and thoughts about complex prescription in the different aspects of views, such as TCM principles, pharmacological effects, chemical components, medicine chemistry, pharmacokinetic and the compatibility of effective components, and point out the compatibility of effective components study have become the characteristic study field recently. Researchers study the principle, method, and the law of compatibility on complex prescription in TCM and have made great progress in the basis of disparting prescription, finger-print method, and many other modern analytical instrument applications. In recent years, the research process have got lots of achievements in different aspects, from small pieces ready for decoction to chemical components, from vitro to vivo, from single method to multidisciplinary analysis. With the developments of modernization of TCM, new exploration about the complex prescription is attempted, and will be the foundation for TCM reaching to the world.