摘要
综述了石油原油或废油中W/O型油水乳化液物理破乳技术及装置的研究现状及发展趋势,分别从施加外力破乳和施加场能破乳两个方面介绍了W/O型油水乳化液的物理破乳技术及装置各自的优缺点。施加外力破乳技术及装置方面,重点介绍了施加离心力破乳的旋流破乳装置、施加聚结力破乳的聚结板式破乳装置和施加压力破乳的膜破乳装置;施加场能破乳技术和装置方面,重点介绍了施加微波场的微波破乳装置、施加超声场的超声波破乳装置以及施加电场的电破乳装置;并着重阐述水击谐波破乳技术及装置的工作机理、结构及工作流程。最后指出破乳技术及装置研究方向为装置的新型化、节能环保化、智能化以及轻量化。
This paper introduced research status and development tendency of physical demulsification technologies and equipment about W/O emulsions in crude oil or waste oil. Applications of external force and field energy to demulsify were discussed respectively. External force demulsification mainly employs cyclones,using centrifugal force,coalescence plate using coalescence force,or membrane device using stress force. Field energy demulsification normally focuses on applying microwave field, ultrasonic field,or electric field. Working mechanism,structure and working process of water hammer harmonic demulsification technology were emphasized.This paper pointed out that the development directions of demulsification technologies should be energy and cost effective,and environmental friendly.
出处
《化工进展》
EI
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2015年第2期319-324,共6页
Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress
基金
国家自然科学基金(51375516)
重庆市自然科学基金(cstc2013jcyj A90021)
重庆市教育科学技术研究(KJ130710)项目
关键词
石油
乳液
破乳
技术及装置
水击谐波
petroleum
emulsions
demulsification
technology and equipment
water hammer harmonic
