煤直接加氢制甲烷研究进展

Research progress of coal hydrogasification to produce methane

天然气资源短缺、低阶煤资源利用问题突出,开发新型、高效和对环境友好的低阶煤制甲烷工艺成为研究热点。本文分析讨论了以下几方面:温度、压力、催化剂、煤种和气化剂等因素对煤直接加氢制甲烷过程的影响;煤直接加氢制甲烷的反应机理和动力学;3种典型煤直接加氢甲烷化工艺的优缺点;本文作者课题组正在研究开发的低阶煤炭化脱氧、高活性半焦直接加氢制甲烷工艺及其特点。分析认为:以低阶煤(生物质)为原料进行加氢甲烷化生产代用天然气成为新的研究重点,其中又以新型、廉价煤加氢甲烷化催化剂的研制和新型甲烷化反应器的开发最为关键。

The shortage of natural gas and utilization problems of low rank coal resources make the development of new,efficient and environmentally friendly technology for methane production from low rank coal become the hot topic of research. The issues discussed and analyzed include effects of temperature,pressure,catalyst,coal type and gasification agent on the process of methane production by hydrogenation of coal; reaction kinetics and mechanism of methane production by hydrogenation of coal; merits and drawbacks of three typical techniques for methane production by hydrogenation of coal; and a new technique under development by the authors,that is,methane production from highly activated semi-coke made by carbonation and deoxygenation of low rank coal. In conclusion, production of substitute natural gas through hydromethanation of biomass and low rank coal has become a new research focus,in which research of new and cheap catalyst and development of new methanation reactor and technology for hydromethanation of coal play a vital role.