渣油分离方法的研究进展

Progress and prospect of separation of residuum

主要阐述了渣油分离方法在加工工艺中的重要性,重点介绍了目前渣油分离方法中的实沸点蒸馏、分子蒸馏、超临界流体萃取分馏法(SFEF)和色谱法的原理、特点和工艺流程,指出了不同分析方法的优缺点,并对其在国内外发展的概况和应用现状作了评述。针对渣油自身的特点,指出以超临界流体技术和色谱相结合的方法为基础,结合先进的分析测试手段,能系统地揭示渣油的组成、结构和物理化学性质之间的内在关系,可从分子层次描述渣油分子在催化剂上的扩散、吸附及转化规律,突破集总动力学的局限性,是目前渣油分离方法的主要趋势,为渣油轻质化催化剂的研究和加工处理新工艺的发展提供强有力的理论指导,在石油化工中的应用前景广阔。

In this paper,the importance of separation method for residuum in petroleum processing is stated. The current main methods of residuum separation are introduced. The principles, characteristics and technological processes of residuum separation are highlighted,such as true boiling point distillation,molecular distillation,supercritical fluid extraction fractionation（SFEF）and chromatography. The advantages and disadvantages of various methods are discussed. The development and application of the study on the separation methods at home and abroad in recent years are reviewed. According to the characteristics of residuum,composition,structure and internal relationship between physical and chemical properties can be systematically revealed by advanced analysis based on combining supercritical fluid technology and chromatography. The diffusion,adsorption and transformation of residuum molecules on the catalyst can be described at the molecular level,and the limitations of lumped kinetics can be broken through. Such is the main trend in residuum separation. It can provide theoretical guidance for the research and development of new catalyst and new technology of residuum processing and has broad application prospect in the petrochemical industry.