不同肥料对香蕉和粉蕉果实挥发物的影响

Influence of different fertilizers on volatile compounds of banana and dwarf banana

为了解不同肥料对香蕉和粉蕉果实挥发物成分和含量的影响及其影响机制,以香蕉巴西（Musa AAA Cavendish subgroup cv.Brazil）和粉蕉广粉1号（Musa AAB Group Fenjiao cv.Guangfeng NO.1）为试材,研究了增施鱼粉和花生麸对果实挥发物及相关酶活性的影响。结果表明,香蕉巴西中检测到32种挥发性物质,粉蕉广粉1号中检测到25种挥发性物质,均以酯类为主,其次为醛类,粉蕉果实中没有烃类及酚类物质;香蕉果实挥发物总量为6 113.43-20 253.89μg/kg,粉蕉果实挥发物总量为1 614.09-4 383.99μg/kg。增施鱼粉和花生麸能增加香蕉和粉蕉果实的挥发物总含量和种类,促进大多数挥发物的积累,以增施鱼粉的效应最大;增施鱼粉和花生麸能够提高香蕉和粉蕉果实醇脱氢酶和醇酰基转移酶的活性,增施鱼粉的效果最明显;在香蕉和粉蕉果实后熟过程中,醇脱氢酶活性不断下降,醇酰基转移酶则出现一个活性高峰,香蕉和粉蕉具有相似的酶活性变化模式,但酶活性水平存在差异。香蕉和粉蕉果实在挥发物成分和含量上都存在差异,增施鱼粉可以提高果实醇脱氢酶和醇酰基转移酶活性,与增施鱼粉后香蕉和粉蕉果实挥发物总量和种类的增加有一定关系。

This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of different fertilizers on volatile compounds of banana and dwarf banana fruits and to understand the underlying mechanisms. Banana brazil（ Musa AAA Cavendish subgroup cv. Brazil） and dwarf banana Guangfeng NO. 1（ Musa AAB Group Fenjiao cv. Guangfeng No. 1） were employed as materials,and fish meal and peanut cake were used for fertilization. Totally 32 volatile compounds were detected in fully matured fruits of Brazil and 25 volatile compounds in fully matured fruits of Guangfeng No. 1. Esters dominated the volatile compounds,followed by aldehydes. Alkanes and phenols were not detected in Guangfen No. 1. In addition to the components of volatile compounds,the amounts differed as well,6 113. 43- 2 0253. 89 μg / kg in Brazil and 1 614. 09-4 383. 99 μg / kg in Guangfen No. 1. Applications of both fish meal and peanut cake increased total amount and components of volatile compounds and facilitated the accumulation of most volatile compounds,with fish meal being more effective. Application of fish meal and peanut cake also increased the activities of alcohol dehydrogenase（ ADH） and alcohol acetyltransferase（ AAT） in the fruits of both banana and dwarf banana,with fish meal being more effective. During ripening of postharvested banana and dwarf banana fruit,the activities of ADH decreased continuously,while the activities of AAT showed a distinct peak. Banana and dwarf banana displayed similar patterns of changes in enzymes activities,but different enzyme activities. Increased activities of both ADH and AAT could explain the increase of components and amounts of volatile compounds in both fruits of banana and dwarf banana.