氨甲环酸治疗黄褐斑的研究进展

Tranexamic acid for the treatment of chloasma

黄褐斑是一种常见的获得性色素增加性疾病，病因复杂，多种治疗方法均可改善黄褐斑，但疗效差及复发是临床常见的难题。氨甲环酸是一种抗纤溶药物，在临床上广泛用于治疗各种出血性疾病，近年来许多研究证实其治疗黄褐斑安全、有效。口服小剂量氨甲环酸治疗黄褐斑，可单独用药，或联合其他口服、外用药及激光治疗。用药时间的长短与疗效相关，一般用药1-2个月开始起效，治疗时间越长，疗效越好。静脉用药与口服药疗效无明显差别，但起效更快。氨甲环酸外用治疗黄褐斑与赋形剂无明显差异，局部微针和显微注射氨甲环酸有显著疗效，以前者疗效更佳。

Chloasma is a common acquired disorder of hyperpigmentation with complex etiology. Although there are many different therapies for chloasma, poor response and recurrence remain common clinical problems. Tranexamic acid, a kind of antifibrinolytic agent, is widely used to treat various kinds of hemorrhagic diseases. Many recent studies have proved it to be effective and safe in the treatment of chloasma. Small doses of oral tranexamic acid, alone or in combination with other oral medicines, externally applied drugs and lasers, can be used to treat chloasma. The therapeutic effect of tranexamic acid is related to the duration of medication treatment. The onset of action of tranexamic acid often takes 1 to 2 months, and the longer the treatment course, the better the outcome. Intravenous tranexamic acid does not differ from oral tranexamic acid in therapeutic effect, but the former shows a more rapid onset of action than the latter. There is no significant difference in efficacy for chloasma between topical tranexamic acid and vehicles, while microneedle injection of tranexamic acid exerts better efficacy than microinjection of it.