基质成分对草菇生物学特性及其营养利用动态的影响

Effects of components in culture media on biological characteristics and dynamic nutrient utilization of Volvariella volvacea

通过观察油茶壳等农业废弃物复配基质上草菇母种、原种及栽培种的生物学特性、胞外酶活性和营养成分消耗量等指标,评价了不同基质成分对草菇生物学特性和菌丝营养利用动态的影响。结果表明:在所配制的复合基质中,油茶壳和花生壳含量高的基质中菌丝的胞外酶活性较高,在子实体形成阶段纤维素酶的活性分别为3.36、3.23 U/g,半纤维素酶活性分别为4.61、4.87 U/g,漆酶的活性分别为5.217、4.23 U/g;对应的纤维素等营养成分的利用率也高,草菇生长期间纤维素的利用率分别增加了8.79、7.07倍,半纤维素的利用率分别增加了9.68、7.57倍,木质素的利用率分别增加了18.55、13.59倍;草菇的母种、原种及栽培种的生物学特性良好,适合用于草菇代料栽培。而甘蔗渣和玉米皮含量高的基质中菌丝的胞外酶活性和营养成分的利用率较低,其生物学特性较差,则不太适用于草菇的栽培。由此可见,基质成分能显著影响草菇菌丝胞外酶的分泌与活性以及菌丝利用基质中营养成分的能力,继而影响草菇的生物学特性和品质。

In order to improve the biotransformation efficiency of culture medium,effects of components fromdifferent culture media on biological characteristics anddynamic nutrient utilization of Volvariella volvacea were studied by observing biological characteristics of stock culture,pre-culture spawn and spawn,extracellular enzyme activities and consumption of nutrient components.The results showed that compared with other test groups,the media with high content of Camellia oleifera shell and peanut hull were more suitable for straw mushroom cultivation,in which the mycelium exhibited high extracellular enzyme activities and nutrient utilization.At the stage of fruiting body formation,the cellulase activities in media with high content of C.oleifera shell and peanut hull were 3.36 U/g and 3.23 U/g,respectively,the hemicellulase activities were 4.61 U/g and 4.87 U/g,respectively,the laccase activities were 5.217 U/g and 4.23 U/g,respectively.During the cultivation of V.volvacea,the utilization of cellulose increased by 8.79 and 7.07 times,respectively; the utilization of hemicellulose increased by 9.68 and 7.57 times,respectively; the utilization of lignin increased by 18.55 and 13.59 times,respectively,and the biological characteristics of stock spawn,pre-culture spawn and spawn were good compared with the control.While mycelium cultivated on media with high content of bagasse and corn bran exhibited low extracellular enzyme activities,nutrient utilization and poor biological characteristics,which indicated that these media were not suit for straw mushroom cultivation.Therefore,it could be seen that components of culture media had significant influence on secretion and activity of extracellular enzymes and nutrient utilization abilities of mycelium,and then the biological characteristics and quality of V.volvacea.