库尔勒香梨树腐烂病菌生物学特性与致病性的初步研究

Korla Pear Tree Biological Characteristics of the Valsa Canker Growth Pathogen and Its Pathogenicity

【目的】测定库尔勒香梨树腐烂病菌子实体形态特征、培养性状观察和致病性，了解其生物学特性和致病性，为该病防治策略制定提供参考依据。【方法】挑取病样子实体进行切片观察；在不同环境条件下进行培养性状观察；将病菌分别接种于杨树（Populus bolleana Lauche）、沙枣（Elaeagnus angustifolia L．）、梨树 （Pyrus sorotina）、柳树（SalixmatsudanaKoidz）、核桃（J regia L）、苹果（M pumila Mill）、红枣（Ziziphuszizyphus）的枝条和叶片上，观察并统计发病率、病斑扩展速率。【结果】病菌分生孢子器具有多腔室，分生孢子呈腊肠形；病菌最适生长温区为20～30 ℃，最适pH值为6，全光照条件下产孢最多。在核桃树叶片上病斑扩展速度最快，在柳树上最慢；能在苹果和胡杨枝条形成产孢体并吐出黄色或橘黄色分生孢子角。【结论】分离后腐烂病病原菌经形态特征观察鉴定为梨幹腐烂壳蕉孢菌（Ccarphosperma Fr），病原菌在不同培养环境条件下颜色、生长速度、表面形态、菌落形状、色素分泌均存在明显的差异性；腐烂病病源菌能可使7种不同寄主感病，但在病斑扩展和产孢能力等方面存在明显差异，腐烂病病原菌对不同寄主的致病性存在一定差异。

【Objective】This project aims to study Korla Pear Tree Canker fungus morphology,culture characters and pathogenicity to determine the biological characteristics and pathogenicity,and provide valuable information for disease prevention and control strategies. 【Method】Disease samples were picked up for section observation; under different environmental conditions（ medium,temperature,p H,carbon source,nitrogen source,light） they were cultured and observed; the bacteria were inoculated on poplar（ Populus bolleana Lauche）,narrow leaved oleaster（ Elaeagnus angustifolia L.）,poplar（ Populus euphratica）,willow（ Salixmatsudana Koidz）,walnut（ J. regia L.）,apple（ M. pumila Mill.）,red dates（ Ziziphuszizyphus） of the branches and leaves for observation and calculation of the incidence rate and the rate of lesion expansion. 【Result】The conidia devices had multi chambers with a sausage shape; bacteria optimum growth temperature was 20- 30℃,the optimum p H was 7,growing the fast under full light condition. The results showed that： lesion expansioninoculated on walnut leaves was the fastest,most slowly on the willow; they can form spore producing body in apple and poplar branches and spit out the yellow or orange conidia angles. 【Conclusion】Morphology identification of pear stem rot shell was C. carphosperma Fr. Differences existed in growth rate,color surface morphology,colony shape and pigment secretion under different environmental conditions. The bacteria could make 7different host susceptible,but there are significant differences in lesion expansion and sporulation ability,etc.