降解地膜对地温和作物产量的影响及其降解性分析

Effect of COPO Degradable Membrane on Soil Temperature and Crop Yield and Analysis of Its Degradable Characteristics

【目的】明确COPO树脂降解地膜在新疆北部农田中的应用特征。【方法】以普通地膜为对照,研究黑色降解膜对地温和滴灌棉花、沟灌玉米产量的影响,以及覆膜方式和灌水量对降解膜降解率的影响。【结果】降解膜处理20 cm土壤日平均地温高于普通膜,其保温效应也优于普通膜,08:00时5 cm土壤平均温度比普通膜高出0.244℃,最高相差1.6℃,地温昼夜变化幅度小;降解膜处理的棉花、玉米平均增产6%左右;随着灌水量的增加,降解膜的降解时间明显延长,崩裂期最大相差39 d;棉花滴灌平作模式下地膜降解时期明显晚于沟灌玉米,诱导期延长6 d,破裂期延长13 d,崩裂期延长67 d,同时重量降解率远低于后者,应用效果更好。【结论】COPO树脂降解膜具有一定的应用前景,但因降解速度受作物、覆膜方式、灌水量的影响较大,降解膜的可控性仍有待提高。

【Objective】For the application features of COPO resin black degradable mulch film in the Northern Xinjiang.【Method】Set the film mulched drip irrigation cotton and furrow irrigation corn,take ordinary film for comparison,study the influence of the black light / biodegradable film on crop yield,soil temperature,also covering mode and irrigation amount on the degradation rate.【Result】It was found that daily average temperature of black degradable films treatment 20 cm was higher than that of the ordinary film,superior to it as to heat preservation,its ground temperature diurnal variation range was small,5cm temperature 0. 244 ℃ higher than ordinary film on average,up to a maximum of 1. 6 ℃,degradable film treatment increased the yield of cotton and corn by 6%,with the increase of irrigation amount,the time of degradation was obviously prolonged,the largest difference of split phase reached 39 days,model of cotton with drip irrigation was significantly later than the corn with furrow irrigation,induction period wai extended by 6 days,rupture extended 13 days,crack period extended 67 days,while the degradation rate of weight was lower than that of the latter,and the application effect was better. 【Conclusion】So COPO resin degradation film promised application prospect,but thedegradation rate was affected by crop,plastic mulch,irrigation amount,the controllability of degradable mulch films remains to be improved.