19世纪后半期英国工业学校与儿童管教

The Industrial School and Child Control in England in the Second Half of the 19th Century

英国1857年《工业学校法》的通过,使作为儿童管教机构的工业学校由先前的自发性质转变为政府监管。此时,其影响已不限于儿童管教。政府干预的介入及此后干预力度的步步加强,凸显了这一时期政府与家庭间的独特关系。不可否认,对贫困儿童和被忽视儿童加以管教是该类机构建立的背后动机,但政府在行使这一权力的同时,通过立法手段介入家庭空间,一定程度上对英国强大的自由主义传统造成威胁,引发了人们对自由与干预的思考。19世纪末,社会思潮发生转变,儿童回归家庭的观念兴起,寄养制度为人们所看重,工业学校模式渐趋衰落。

The industrial school has transformed from a voluntary contribution organization into a state-funded institution,since the 1857 Industrial School Act was passed in England.But the institutions were not limited to child protection.The intervention of government highlighted the relationship between government and family during the period.And,to some degree,the government intervention challenged the liberal tradition in England,so it sparked much debate.By the end of the 19 th century,because of the rising concept that children should grow up in their families,industrial schools were on the decline.