全球化视野下亚洲科技人才移民美国的历史透视

A Historical Analysis of the Highly-Skilled Immigrants into the U.S.in Global Perspectives

二战后,随着经济全球化的发展,人口迁移的全球化趋势和规模日新月异,流向美国的亚洲移民与日俱增,其中以技术移民尤为突出。从1970年代起,亚洲就成为当代美国技术移民的首要来源。这既与美国移民政策变化所产生的拉力作用相关,也源于战后亚洲国际关系中地缘政治格局的变化。由于许多亚洲国家曾长期遭受欧美列强的殖民统治,它们在战后也因为工业化的发展而进入社会转型时期,其人口压力、经济落后和生活水平低下等因素合力发酵,使亚洲各国都出现了其人口在国内、国际和洲际三个层次上的大规模迁移与流动。大批技术移民流向美国,既是亚洲各国人口流动的组成部分,也是亚洲国家参与经济全球化进程中的必然趋势。虽然回流亚洲的技术移民逐渐增多,但从整体上看,亚洲仍然是当今世界上人才流失最多的地区。

With the progress of globalization,global migration witnessed unprecedented increase in scale and geographical area,of which the migration of Asians into the U.S.is a worthy subject.Particularly highly-skilled immigrants from Asian countries deserve special attention.Since the 1970 sAsia has become the largest source of skilled immigrants in the U.S.This was due not only to the changes in U.S.immigration policy,but also to the geopolitical situation and the pushing forces from Asian countries,many of which were colonies or semi-colonies of the Western countries and were undergoing social transformation because of industrialization.Pressure of rapid population growth,economic underdevelopment and lower level of living standards,all worked to push people to move on domestic,international and intercontinental levels.The migration of the Highly-skilled into the U.S.is a coherent part of population mobility in Asian countries and is an unavoidable development in their efforts to participate in economic globalization.Despite the fact that return migration has been active,however,Asia is still the largest region of brain drain in contemporary world.