麻黄对大鼠中枢神经系统毒副作用的研究

Pharmacological action of Ma-huang( Ephedra) on the central nervous system of rat

目的考察麻黄对大鼠中枢神经系统的毒副作用。方法根据中医临床用药习惯,将麻黄水煎液分为高、中、低剂量组(质量浓度分别为3.000,1.500,0.750g·ml-1)。采用行为药理学实验方法,通过高架十字迷宫实验和旷场实验观察不同剂量麻黄对大鼠一般行为、自主活动及探索活动的影响;通过戊巴比妥钠诱导睡眠实验观察不同剂量麻黄对大鼠睡眠潜伏期和睡眠持续时间的影响。结果相比生理盐水对照组,不同剂量麻黄水煎液灌胃给药后,大鼠外观行为表现为自主活动增加,修饰及嗅探次数减少。随着给药剂量的增加,大鼠进入高架十字桥开臂和旷场中心区域的次数和时间显著减少(P<0.05)。以上3个剂量组的麻黄水煎液可明显抑制戊巴比妥钠诱导的催眠作用。结论麻黄对大鼠中枢神经系统具有明显的兴奋作用。

Objective To study the action of Ma huang on the central nervous system of rat. Methods The battery of ethological tests（ open field,elevated plus- maze） was used to obtain information about excitatory activity of the Ma-huang decoctions. The substances were administered 1 hour before the tests at doses of 3. 000,1. 500 and 0. 750g·ml- 1. In the behavioral tests,Following the administration of Ma-huang at various dose levels（ 3. 000,1. 500,0. 750g·ml- 1） and schedules the alterations in general behavior and autonomic activities of the rat were recorded,the changes in hypnotic action indices（ sleep latency,sleep-lasting time） for the rat placed on pentobarbital in advance were observed. Results Ma-huang administrated ig significantly increased the autonomic activities and inhibited the hypnotic action induced by previously given pentobarbital. The different doses of Ma huang decocotions decreased the time spent in the open arm of the elevated plus- maze. Similar findings were observed also in the central area of open field,however this result was influenced by inhibition of motor activity of the rats in 3. 000 g · ml- 1group. Also,Ma-huang decoctions could inhibit the hypnotic action induced by pentobarbital sodium and these results were statistically significant. Conclusion Ma-huang has excited effect on the central nervous system of rat.